Megger working principle types history uses of megger. It is used everywhere, no matter how big or small consumption it is. The conventional mechanical energy meter is based on the phenomenon of magnetic induction. Introduction for many years, the q meter has been an essential piece of equipment for laboratories engaged in the testing of radio frequency circuits. A q meter is a device that tests certain properties of radio frequency circuits. To measure q factor, q meters make use of this principle. This meter is able to perform current, voltage and power measurements in three phase supply systems. Jonathan burdette helped me update this material and our second edition appeared in 2001. Tilt current meters operate under the dragtilt principle and are designed to either float or sink depending on the type. It also can be applied to an inductor or capacitor at a chosen frequency. Energy meters are the basic part to measure the power consumption. One single phase energy meter, one single phase load, stop watch and connecting wires. They have been largely supplanted by other electronic test equipment which records a broader spectrum of useful data for future reference by operators and. Q meter qmeter is an instrument designed to measure the q factor of a coil and for measuring inductance, capacitance, and resistance at rf.
A sinking tilt current is similar, but the housing is designed such that the meter hangs from the attachment point. Overview of flowmeter models matheson offers a complete line of variable area flowmeters to meet your application requirements. This meter is able to perform current, voltage and. The angular velocity of the rotor results in the generation of an electrical signal ac sine wave type in the pickup. Task 1 measurement of noise and vibrations by sound level. Therefore, a power measurement in a dc circuit can be generally carried out using a voltmeter v and an ammeter a according to one of the arrangements shown in figure 39. The potential difference across the meter when carrying 20ma is 400mv.
Qmeter is an instrument designed for measuring quality factor q of a coil as well as for the measurement of inductance, capacitance, and resistance of an electric circuit at radiofrequency. Using the constant speed of light, the delay can be converted into a slant range distance. A mas s flow meter operating on the corioli s principle c ontain s a v ibra ting tube i n which a fluid flow caus es changes i n frequen c y, phase s hift or am plitude. A q meter works on the principle of series resonance. Turbine flow meter working principle instrumentationtools.
The q meter is used to measure some electrical properties of coils and capacitors. Next, the q meter is resonated with a work or accessory coil preferably shielded, such as the types 103a or 590a connected to the q meter coil terminals see figure 4. Introduction q meter is design for measuring the q factor of a coil. Based on the flow of current, the ferriwheel rotates which makes rotation of other wheels. The q meter working principle is based on series resonance.
The reflection of that pulse is detected and the precise time is recorded. A sinking tilt current is similar, but the housing is designed such that the. Voltage for testing produced by hand operated megger by rotation of crank in case of hand operated type, a battery is used for electronic tester. An idea how to build your own q meter, with the shown ferrite core transformer you easily make very low feed impedance i redesigned my heath kit qm1 meter using this technique, and used a 6ba6ef93 as grid detector, based on the principle used for radiometer qm1f, this uses a philips ef6, and i believe it is better than ef93 which i ended up.
The article describes q factor, methods of measuring q factor, inductance and capacity using a q meter and the design of an experimental q meter unit. Also explain the factors that cause errors during a q factor measurement. They have been largely supplanted by other electronic test equipment which records a broader spectrum of useful data for future reference by operators and technicians. Fluid mechanics 170 because the pressure is the same at all point on the same height p 0 f 1 a 1 f 2 a 2 12. Swirl meter the principle of operation of a swirl flowmeter is as follows.
Implementation of a singlephase electronic watthour. The microcontroller stores the number of units allocated and measures the energy consumed. The working principle construction, calibration etc. This expression applies to an rf and microwave filter, bandpass lc filter, or any resonator. These blades impart a tangential velocity or swirl to liquids, gases or vapors. The qmeter is an instrument designed for the measurement of qfactor of the coil as well as for the measurement of electrical properties of coils and capacitors.
The fluid is then accelerated by a reduction in the meter body bore. A q meter measures the quality factor of a circuit, q, which expresses how much energy is dissipated per cycle in a nonideal reactive circuit. Gas flows by the heated flow sensor and molecules of the gas transport heat away, the sensor cools, and energy is lost. The instrument which measures the storage factor or quality factor of the electrical circuit at radio frequencies, such type of device is known as the qmeter. Such devices specifically determine the q, or quality factor, of circuits as part of routine testing. Basic hydraulic principles of openchannel flow by harvey e. For inductors where is the reactance of the inductor, is the. Triomass mass flowmeter based on the trumass coriolis. The tuned circuit is excited from a tunable signal source. Froehlich abstract the three basic principles of openchannelflow analysis the conserva tion of mass, energy, and momentum are derived, explained, and applied to solve problems of openchannel flow. Fixed restriction variable head type flow meters using different sensors like orifice plate, venturi. How electronic energy meter works mohans electronics blog. What is the solution for the drawbacks of commonly used energy meters. Terminals are also provided to add capacitance cx, if required.
So, electronic type of threephase energy meter is explained below with its working principle. As shown in a figure at left, a hall element is placed across a gap created by cutting off part of. A directreading instrument which measures the q of an electric circuit at radio frequencies by determining the ratio of inductance to resistance, and. Block diagram and working principles of rlc bridge. The resonant technique, or qmeter, used to be a very manual measurement. It also monitors water and gas consumption along with electrical consumption. Target flow meters, also known as drag force flow meters, insert a target drag element, usually a flat disc or a sphere with an extension rod, into the flow field. Measures regenerative power under power deregulation ex. Electrical energy meters principles and applications. It has been largely replaced in professional laboratories by other types of impedance measuring device, though it is still in use among radio amateurs. Terminals are provided to connect the inductance lx to be measured and this is resonated by a variable tuning capacitor c. Chapter 12 fluid mechanics university of minnesota duluth. The measuring principle of the qmeter type 260a is based on a.
They induce energy which is oscillating between the electric and. Aug, 2006 an electric meter or energy meter is a device that measures the amount of electrical energy supplied to a residence or business. They then measure the drag force on the inserted target and convert it to the flow velocity. Basic qmeter circuit the basic operation based on the wellknown characteristics of series resonant circuits. This instrument operates on the principle of series resonance i. The electronic energy meter is also better protected against tampering than its mechanical predecessor, and units for prepaid operation e. If you cannot read the numbers in the above image, reload the page to generate a new one. If a fixed voltage is applied to the circuit, a voltmeter across the capacitor can be calibrated to read.
It has a rotating aluminium wheel called ferriwheel and many toothed wheels. It is used in domestic and industrial ac circuit for measuring the power consumption. The energy is the total power consumed and utilised by the load at a particular interval of time. Coil v l vc v x l xc r vc vl i ir v ixl at resonance. As shown in a figure at left, a hall element is placed across a gap created by cutting off part of the transformer jaws. In general hall elements are used as a sensor to detect dc current because it is not possible to employ an electromagnetic induction method as used for dedicated ac clamp meters. These books were big hits in the radiology community, and i still take pride how many people. Knowing the position and orientation of the sensor, the xyz coordinate of the reflective. Target flow meter working principle target flow meters, also known as drag force flow meters, insert a target drag element, usually a flat disc or a sphere with an extension rod, into the flow field. Turbine flow meter is a volumetric measuring turbine type. If the q of a coil is beyond the range of the q meter with its highest xq multiplier, it. A simple capacitive power supply for the msp430 energy meter appropriate values of resistor r22 and capacitor c49 are chosen based on the required output current drive of the power supply. The meter body has a set of blades welded at the inlet, called the swirler.
Working principle of a q meter, electrical engineering. Mar 04, 2020 what is the thermal mass flow meter working principle. The operations of this useful laboratory instrument is based on the familiar characteristics of a seriesresonant circuit, namely, that the voltage across the coil or the capacitor is equal to the applied voltage times the q of the circuit. The instrument to be used is 200a for full scale deflection. Q meter l r signal v v generator multiply q by circuit c q meter tuning capacitor example. A parallel measurement is used on the q meter see figure 2. What are the advantages and disadvantages of usual energy meters. The q meter measures the quality factor of the circuit which shows the total energy dissipated by it. Prepaymentprepaid energy meter introduction and working. This instrument determines the q quality factor of a resonant circuit, crystal, or resonator by measuring its series resistance at the resonance. Overview of single phase induction type energy meter. The metering principle is dependent of the density, temperature, viscosity, pressure and conductivity.
The meter which is used for measuring the energy utilises by the electric load is known as the energy meter. There are different kinds of instruments available based on system usage. A mass flow meter operating on the coriolis principle contains a vibrating tube in which a fluid flow causes changes in frequency, phase shift or amplitude. Circuit diagram, working principle and its applications. Energy meter is an instrument which measures electrical energy. Working of single phase induction type energy meter the basic working of single phase induction type energy meter is only focused on two mechanisms.
Circuit diagram volt meter 1 shows the source voltagee volt. An induc tor is connected to the q meter coil terminals and resonated at the mea surement frequency, the q and tuning. It also explains the properties of the coil and capacitor. A mass flow meter, also known as an inertial flow meter is a device that. Electronic single phase watthour meter adopts largescale ic, the latest microelectronic technologies and smt techniques. The resonance is the condition exists in the circuit when their inductance and capacitance reactance are of equal magnitude. Based on the flow of current, the ferriwheel rotates which. One click easytouse operation helps complicated setting and processing of large data through the set.
All the consumer has to do is to display the card in the front panel of the meter for a time of 3 seconds. The quality factor is one of the parameters of the oscillatory system, which shows the relation between the storage and dissipated energy. The resonant frequency during operation is a function of the meter tube geometry, the material characteristics of the flowmeter and the mass of the. Combining the frequency and dut impedance criteria into this graph helps. The operations of this useful laboratory instrument is based on the familiar. Hp developed the 4342a qmeter military ts617 that covers 22 khz to 70 mhz. In 1994 i published the first edition of questions and answers in magnetic resonance imaging, a collection of notes on mr physics i had distributed to residents and fellows during viewbox teaching over the years. The frequen cy, f, and tuning capacitance, c1, are read and inserted in the following for. A floating tilt current meter typically consists of a subsurface buoyant housing that is anchored to the sea floor with a flexible line or tether.
Target flow meter working principle instrumentationtools. May 12, 2014 q meter is design for measuring the q factor of a coil and for measuring inductance, capacitance and resistance of an electric circuit at radio frequency. What is the thermal mass flow meter working principle. The pointer of a moving coil instrument gives full scale deflection of 20ma. When connected to loads, they consume less power and start measuring instantaneous. Q meter is design for measuring the q factor of a coil and for measuring inductance, capacitance and resistance of an electric circuit at radio frequency.
Apply sound calibrator on sound level meter microphone and verify that sound. The fre quency chosen should be in the region t i figure 4. In principle, low current zeners would be best, but it is not really critical. The military ts617c was a full mil spec version of the 4342a and may be the ultimate q. Here we discuss the construction and working principle of induction type energy meter.
It was developed at boonton radio corporation in boonton, new jersey in 1934 by william d. Q meter circuit diagram working principle impedance. An electric meter or energy meter is a device that measures the amount of electrical energy supplied to a residence or business. To study the construction and working of single phase energy meter and to find out energy consumed in 30 minutes. The flowing fluid engages the rotor causing it to rotate at an angular velocity proportional to the fluid flow rate. An idea how to build your own qmeter, with the shown ferrite core transformer you easily make very low feed impedance i redesigned my heath kit qm1 meter using this technique, and used a 6ba6ef93 as grid detector, based on the principle used for radiometer qm1f, this uses a philips ef6, and i believe it is better than ef93 which i ended up. The meter is provided with a field to which entries can be made for this purpose ct or vt factor. The thermal mass meter measures gas flow based on the concept of convective heat transfer. Jul 25, 2018 energy meters are the basic part to measure the power consumption. The additional capacitance must be known, if it is desired to compute the reactance of the coil.
A q meter is a piece of equipment used in the testing of radio frequency circuits. The qmeter instrument has become more popular in rf impedance measurement. Mechanism of rotation of an aluminum disc which is made to rotate at a speed proportional to the power. If the q of a coil is beyond the range of the q meter with its highest xq multiplier, it can be measured using. The most common type is more properly known as a kilowatthour meter or a joule meter. The q meter uses in a laboratory for testing the radio frequency of the coils.
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